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Interesting facts about Lithuanian
The Lithuanian language belongs to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is mostly spoken in the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, where it is the state language.
The Lithuanian language retained the ancient features of phonetics and morphology better than all other living Info-European languages and therefore is analysed with interest in the Indo-European studies.
The alphabet of the Lithuanian language is based on Roman (Latin) alphabet. It consists of 33 letters, several diacritic signs, and it is phonetic.
Martynas Mažvydas (1510–1563) who issued the first Lithuanian book, the Lutheran Catechism, in Karaliaučius (present Kaliningrad) in 1547 is considered to be the father of the Lithuanian literary language.
The beginning of formation of the Lithuanian literary language is associated with this period in particular (the language formed completely at the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century).
People started using the language in the written form in the eastern Prussia from about the middle of the 16thcentury on the basis of the southern Aukštaitian dialect spread in the region.
Grammar books of D. Klein (1653 and 1654) played the most important role in the standardization of this language.
Two written languages formed in the territory of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th-17th century: central with the centre in Kėdainiai (it was used by M. Daukša, M. Petkevičius in their writings) and eastern with the centre in Vilnius (it was used by K. Sirvydas, J. Jankavičius).
In the first half and middle of the 19th century, the national Lithuanian literary language was formed with the participation of D. Poška, S. Stanevičius, S. Daukantas, M. Valančius.
The periodic press (Aušra, Varpas) that appeared at the end of the 19th century and specifically the activity of the famous Lithuanian linguist Jonas Jablonskis played a distinctive role in the formation of the Lithuanian literary language at that time. Today J. Jablonskis is considered to be the father of the Lithuanian language.
Two main historical periods of the Lithuanian literary language are distinguished: the old and the new one.
The Lithuanian language is extremely rich in word-building means.
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